量子信息速递 · 2026 年 10 月

序言

本刊按 APS、Nature、Science、Optica 四大系列的目标期刊以及 PNAS 检索量子信息与量子技术领域的新发表工作，经学科筛选后按期刊汇总。每一条给出中英文标题、作者、卷页与中文摘要，点击 DOI 可直达原文。中文标题、导读与摘要译文均由模型生成，速度优先、难免有疏漏，欢迎指出。

Physical Review LettersPhys. Rev. Lett.5 篇

Physical Review Letters 量子信息科学与技术分区

No. 01

利用逻辑量子比特的稀有事件量子传感Rare-Event Quantum Sensing Using Logical Qubits

★ 编辑推荐

提出一种借助量子纠错的稀有信号探测协议，利用伴随式提取中的非线性处理，从高阶关联区分信号与噪声；在局域马尔可夫噪声下，其灵敏度优于传统传感策略。

我们提出一种利用量子纠错（QEC）在噪声环境中探测稀有信号的新协议。该协议的关键特征是通过不同的高阶关联来区分信号与噪声，这借助 QEC 中伴随式提取期间发生的非线性处理实现。在此方案中，QEC 具有两种作用。首先，它通过记录一个约化的、随机的逻辑相位 ϕ_L = O(ε^3) 来牺牲部分信号 ε。其次，它校正物理噪声，并延长用于信号采集的（逻辑）相干时间。对于在局域马尔可夫噪声存在下随机时刻发生的稀有信号，我们明确证明，与更传统的传感策略相比，我们的方法具有更高的灵敏度。

Abstract (English)

We present a novel protocol to detect rare signals in a noisy environment using quantum error correction (QEC). The key feature of our protocol is the discrimination between signal and noise through distinct higher-order correlations, realized by the nonlinear processing that occurs during syndrome extraction in QEC. In this scheme, QEC has two effects. First, it sacrifices part of the signal ε by recording a reduced, stochastic, logical phase ϕ L = O ( ε 3 ) . Second, it corrects the physical noise and extends the (logical) coherence time for signal acquisition. For rare signals occurring at random times in the presence of local Markovian noise, we explicitly demonstrate an improved sensitivity of our approach over more conventional sensing strategies.

Robert Ott, Torsten V. Zache, Soonwon Choi, Adam M. Kaufman, and Hannes Pichler
Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 180802 (2026)
10.1103/q4lp-htgw

No. 02

利用毫米波辐射实现超导量子比特的态读出Millimeter Wave Readout of a Superconducting Qubit

★ Physics 精选

演示了一种新型器件，利用毫米波辐射准确读出超导量子比特的态，同时避免对量子态造成扰动或改变。

一种新器件利用毫米波辐射，在不改变超导量子比特状态的情况下准确读出其状态。

Abstract (English)

A new device uses millimeter-wave radiation to accurately read the states of superconducting qubits without altering them.

Akash V. Dixit, Zachary L. Parrott, Dennis Chunikhin, Trevyn F. Q. Larson, Bradley D. Hauer, and John D. Teufel
Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 180803 (2026)
10.1103/c84y-ggqs

No. 03

超越量子比特极限的超导量子三能级链路Superconducting Qutrit Link beyond the Qubit Limit

★ 编辑推荐量子纠缠

借助时间箱微波光子实现超导 qutrit 的确定性远程纠缠，其负度超越两量子比特态的负度上限。

通过时间箱微波光子实现超导量子三态的确定性远程纠缠，其负度超越两量子比特态的负度上限。

Abstract (English)

Deterministic remote entanglement of superconducting qutrits via time-bin microwave photons surpasses the negativity bound of two-qubit states.

Xiang Li, Zheng-Yang Mei, Yang He, Si-Lu Zhao, Yan-Jun Liu, Xiao-Hui Song, Kai Xu, Zhong-Cheng Xiang, Dong-Ning Zheng, and Heng Fan
Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 180801 (2026)
10.1103/6866-9gsl

No. 04

基于人工光梯度的囚禁离子纠缠Entangling Ions with Engineered Light Gradients

★ 编辑推荐

针对集体运动模式光谱拥挤导致的旁观模式非共振耦合，提出由横向、含时结构光力驱动的几何相位纠缠方案，在保留单离子寻址能力的同时降低光谱拥挤影响；在最多含 12 个离子的晶体中实现错误率低于 5×10^-3 的双量子比特门。

集体运动模式的光谱拥挤会对旁观模式产生非共振耦合，从而限制囚禁离子量子处理器中纠缠相互作用的保真度。我们引入一种由横向、含时结构光力驱动的几何相位纠缠相互作用。通过在与光传播方向正交的平面内施加该力，我们在保留单离子寻址能力的同时降低了光谱拥挤的影响。只要量子比特态经历差分 AC Stark 频移，该方案就与任意量子比特编码兼容。我们在单个势阱中最多包含 12 个离子的离子晶体上实验实现了错误率低于 5 × 10^-3 的高保真双量子比特门。这些结果确立了梯度场光频移门作为在光谱拥挤的囚禁离子系统中产生高保真纠缠的可扩展途径。

Abstract (English)

Spectral crowding of collective motional modes limits the fidelity of entangling interactions in trapped-ion quantum processors by inducing off-resonant coupling to spectator modes. We introduce a geometric-phase entangling interaction driven by a transverse, time-dependent structured-light force. By applying the force in a plane orthogonal to the optical propagation direction, we reduce the effects of spectral crowding while preserving single-ion addressing. The scheme is compatible with arbitrary qubit encodings, provided that the qubit states experience a differential AC Stark shift. We experimentally realize high-fidelity two-qubit gates with error rates below 5 × 10 − 3 in ion crystals containing up to 12 ions confined within a single potential well. These results establish gradient-field light-shift gates as a scalable approach to high-fidelity entanglement generation in spectrally crowded trapped-ion systems.

Tommaso Faorlin, Lorenz Panzl, Phoebe Grosser, Pablo Viñas, Alan Kahan, Walter Joseph Hörmann, Yannick Weiser, Giovanni Cerchiari, Thomas Feldker, Alexander Erhard, Georg Jacob, Juris Ulmanis, Rainer Blatt, Alejandro Bermudez, and Thomas Monz
Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 170601 (2026)
10.1103/4smy-6w2n

No. 05

玻色极化子作为相对论 Unruh-DeWitt 探测器Bose Polarons as Relativistic Unruh-DeWitt Detectors: Entanglement Harvesting from Bose-Einstein Condensates

★ 编辑推荐量子纠缠

证明玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚中的束缚杂质可直接映射为与相对论量子场耦合的 Unruh-DeWitt 探测器，并给出 K-41 杂质经有限时间 Feshbach 调节耦合 Rb-87 凝聚的实验参数；据此找到从凝聚遥远区域提取真空纠缠的可行条件。

我们证明，玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚中的束缚杂质可以直接映射为与相对论量子场相互作用的 Unruh-DeWitt 探测器。我们给出了利用 K-41 杂质通过有限时间 Feshbach 调节与 Rb-87 凝聚耦合的实验实现参数。作为一个应用，我们研究了从凝聚的遥远区域提取真空纠缠，并找到了实现纠缠收获的可行参数。

Abstract (English)

We show that a bound impurity in a Bose-Einstein condensate can be directly mapped to an Unruh-DeWitt detector interacting with a relativistic quantum field. We provide explicit experimental parameters for an implementation using K 41 impurities coupled to a Rb 87 condensate via finite-time Feshbach tuning. As an application, we study the extraction of vacuum entanglement from distant regions of the condensate and find viable parameters for the implementation of entanglement harvesting.

T. Rick Perche, Francesco Gozzini, and Markus K. Oberthaler
Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 170401 (2026)
10.1103/54t2-pmf8

Physical Review XPhys. Rev. X1 篇

Physical Review X 全刊（以量子信息与量子多体为主）

No. 06

量子信号学习：传感经典场性质的量子优势Quantum Advantage for Sensing Properties of Classical Fields

量子纠缠

提出量子信号学习框架及仅需双模压缩、无源光学和静态零拍测量的量子增强方案，可同时估计经典信号的多个属性，并把散粒噪声压至真空水平以下，证明其在电磁关联测量、干涉腔实时反馈与傅里叶域匹配滤波等任务上相对无纠缠策略具有指数级优势。

现代精密实验常用玻色子传感器在量子噪声极限区探测未知经典场，此时真空涨落限制了常规读出。我们提出量子信号学习——一种将计量学推广到更广泛的属性学习情境的传感框架，并提出一种量子增强方案，可同时估计经典信号的许多属性，且散粒噪声被压制到真空水平以下。我们的方案只需双模压缩、无源光学和静态零拍测量，并能够从同一实验数据集事后对许多属性进行经典估计。我们证明该方案可为常见经典传感任务带来量子加速，包括测量电磁关联、对干涉腔进行实时反馈控制以及傅里叶域匹配滤波。为确立这些分离，我们引入一种最优输运条件化方法，并证明相对于所有无纠缠策略的最坏情况指数级分离，以及对零拍和外差基线的实用加速。我们进一步表明，当把压缩视为资源时，使用压缩光的方案能比任何相干经典探针指数级更快地传感结构化经典背景。

Abstract (English)

Modern precision experiments often probe unknown classical fields with bosonic sensors in quantum-noise-limited regimes where vacuum fluctuations limit conventional readout. We introduce quantum signal learning, a sensing framework that extends metrology to a broader property-learning setting, and propose a quantum-enhanced protocol that simultaneously estimates many properties of a classical signal with shot noise suppressed below the vacuum level. Our scheme requires only two-mode squeezing, passive optics, and static homodyne measurements, and enables post hoc classical estimation of many properties from the same experimental dataset. We prove that our protocol enables a quantum speedup for common classical sensing tasks, including measuring electromagnetic correlations, real-time feedback control of interferometric cavities, and Fourier-domain matched filtering. To establish these separations, we introduce an optimal-transport conditioning method and show both worst-case exponential separations from all entanglement-free strategies and practical speedups over homodyne and heterodyne baselines. We further show that when squeezing is treated as a resource, a protocol with squeezed light can sense a structured classical background exponentially faster than any coherent classical probe.

Jordan Cotler, Daine L. Danielson, and Ishaan Kannan
Phys. Rev. X 16, 041025 (2026)
10.1103/6ps1-mw9l

NatureNature1 篇

Nature 正刊中的量子信息与量子技术论文

No. 07

基于三线态卡宾分子的单分子自旋—光子界面A single-molecule spin–photon interface

在定制晶体中嵌入三线态卡宾分子，构建出具有毫秒级相干时间的稳定单分子自旋—光子界面，推动化学工程化分子量子比特用于量子网络。

位于定制晶体中的三线态卡宾分子提供了一个稳定的单分子自旋—光子界面，具有毫秒级相干时间，推动了用于量子网络的化学工程化分子量子比特的发展。

Abstract (English)

A triplet carbene molecule in a tailored crystal provides a stable single-molecule spin–photon interface with millisecond coherence, advancing chemically engineered molecular qubits for quantum networking.

Simon Roggors, Thomas Unden, Anna Aubele, Paul Mentzel, Gregor Bayer, Alon Salhov, Jochen Scharpf, Martin B. Plenio, Alex Retzker, Fedor Jelezko, Tim R. Eichhorn, Tobias A. Schaub, Matthias Pfender, Philipp Neumann, Ilai Schwartz
Nature (2026)
10.1038/s41586-026-11147-6

Nature CommunicationsNat. Commun.3 篇

Nature Communications 中的量子信息与量子技术论文

No. 08

单氮分子离子禁戒振动跃迁的量子逻辑光谱Quantum-logic spectroscopy of forbidden vibrational transitions in single nitrogen molecular ions

利用量子逻辑光谱协议，在单个囚禁分子中搜寻、观测并相干操控电四极转振跃迁，分辨出 N₂⁺ 基频振动跃迁的超精细—塞曼—转动分量并实现布居转移。

原子中的电偶极禁戒光谱跃迁构成了量子计算机、原子钟和量子传感器许多先进实现的基础。分子是最普遍且用途最广泛的量子对象之一，但由于其复杂的能级结构，在分子中相干地寻址这类跃迁一直是一项长期挑战。在此，我们报告利用量子逻辑光谱协议，在单个囚禁分子中搜寻、观测并相干操控电四极转振跃迁。我们识别出氮分子离子 N₂⁺ 基频振动跃迁的各个超精细—塞曼—转动分量，并在能级之间实现相干布居转移。我们的工作为精密分子光谱学、以分子转振运动编码的高保真量子比特、精密红外分子钟以及新物理搜寻开辟了新的前景。

Abstract (English)

Electric-dipole forbidden spectroscopic transitions in atoms form the basis of many advanced implementations of quantum computers, atomic clocks and quantum sensors. Coherently addressing such transitions in molecules which are among the most ubiquitous and versatile quantum objects has remained a long-standing challenge owing to their complex energy-level structure. Here, we report the search, observation and coherent manipulation of electric-quadrupole rotational-vibrational transitions in single trapped molecules using a quantum-logic-spectroscopy protocol. We identify individual hyperfine-Zeeman-rotational components of the fundamental vibrational transition of the nitrogen molecular ion, $${{{{{\rm{N}}}}}}_{2}^{+}$$ N 2 + , and perform coherent population transfer between energy levels. Our work opens up new perspectives for precision molecular spectroscopy, for high-fidelity qubits encoded in the rotational-vibrational motion of molecules, for precise infrared molecular clocks and for searches for new physics.

Aleksandr Shlykov, Meissa L. Diouf, Richard Karl, Mikolaj Roguski, Umesh C. Joshi, Stefan Willitsch
Nat. Commun. (2026)
10.1038/s41467-026-78680-w

No. 09

通过微腔中色心的纳米级定位实现硅基明亮纯净单光子源Bright and pure single-photon source in silicon by nanoscale positioning of a color center in a microcavity

集成光子

在圆形布拉格光栅微腔中纳米级定位单个 W 色心，制成 1217 nm 全硅单光子源，饱和计数率达 1.29×10^6 counts/s，g^(2)(0)=0.06±0.02，脉冲激发下纯度 93%±2%。

硅是光子量子技术的主要材料平台。然而，在近红外波段高效集成高性能单光子源仍是一项关键挑战。在此，我们展示了一个波长为 1217 nm 的全硅单光子源，它通过将单个 W 色心纳米级定位在圆形布拉格光栅腔中制备而成。工作波长对应于被腔增强的 W 色心零声子线。在带隙以上连续波激发下，我们获得了 1.29×10^6 counts/s 的饱和光子计数率，并伴有显著的光子反聚束（g^(2)(0)=0.06±0.02）。在弱脉冲激发下进行触发操作，产生的单光子纯度为 93±2%。在饱和条件下，我们揭示了由再抽运过程引起的纯度下降，未来可利用选择性激发方案加以缓解。这些结果代表着向硅光子学中按需不可区分单光子源迈出的重要一步。

Abstract (English)

Silicon is a leading material platform for photonic quantum technologies. However, a key challenge remains the efficient integration of high-performance single-photon sources in the near infrared. Here we present an all-silicon single-photon source at 1217 nm wavelength, fabricated by nanoscale positioning of a single W center in a circular Bragg grating cavity. The operation wavelength corresponds to the W center’s zero-phonon line that is enhanced by the cavity. Under above-gap continuous-wave excitation, we obtain a saturated photon count rate of 1.29 × 10 6 counts/s with pronounced photon antibunching ( g (2) (0) = 0.06 ± 0.02). Triggered operation under weak pulsed excitation produces single photons with 93 ± 2% purity. At saturation, we reveal purity degradation due to repumping processes, that could be mitigated using selective excitation schemes in the future. These results represent a major step towards on-demand sources of indistinguishable single photons in silicon photonics.

Baptiste Lefaucher, Yoann Baron, Jean-Baptiste Jager, Vincent Calvo, Christian Elsässer, Giuliano Coppola, Frédéric Mazen, Sébastien Kerdilès, Félix Cache, Anaïs Dréau, Jean-Michel Gérard
Nat. Commun. (2026)
10.1038/s41467-026-78809-x

No. 10

面向可见光量子光子电路的超低损耗压电光机低限制氮化硅平台Ultra-low loss piezo-optomechanical low-confinement silicon nitride platform for visible wavelength quantum photonic circuits

集成光子

把压电光机驱动与 CMOS 代工的低限制氮化硅平台结合，在 780 nm 实现 2.6 dB/m 传输损耗、兆赫兹调制带宽与可忽略迟滞，并演示了深度可重构的可见光量子光子线路。

实现规模化光子量子计算需要把超低损耗与快速、低功耗、低迟滞、低串扰的可重构性结合起来的集成电路。这些要求在可见光波段尤其具有挑战性，因为许多量子资源态发生器（包括单光子源与量子存储器）天然工作在可见光波段。低限制氮化硅波导提供了所需的损耗性能，但传统热光调制器耗散显著的静态功率，导致热串扰并排除低温运行的可能。可见光波段的压电光机线路避免了这些缺点，但已有的演示要么依赖传输损耗为 35–100 dB/m 的高限制波导，要么依赖使用与代工不兼容的锆钛酸铅（PZT）的低限制平台。这里我们把压电光机驱动与 CMOS 代工制造的低限制氮化硅平台相结合，在 780 nm 处实现 2.6 dB/m 的传输损耗、兆赫兹量级的调制带宽、2.8 V·m 的半波电压–长度积以及可忽略的迟滞。我们演示了每个螺旋相移器损耗为 0.63 dB 的可重构马赫–曾德尔干涉仪，从而实现深度、可主动重构的可见光波段量子光子线路。

Abstract (English)

Realizing photonic quantum computing at scale requires integrated circuits that combine ultra-low loss with fast, low-power, low-hysteresis, and low-crosstalk reconfiguration. These requirements are particularly challenging at visible wavelengths, where many quantum resource-state generators, including single-photon sources and quantum memories, naturally operate. Low-confinement silicon nitride waveguides offer the requisite loss performance, but conventional thermo-optic modulators dissipate significant static power, driving thermal crosstalk and precluding cryogenic operation. Visible-wavelength piezo-optomechanical circuits avoid these drawbacks, but existing demonstrations rely either on high-confinement waveguides with propagation losses of 35-100 dB/m, or on low-confinement platforms using foundry-incompatible lead zirconate titanate (PZT). Here we combine piezo-optomechanical actuation with a CMOS-foundry-fabricated, low-confinement silicon nitride platform, achieving 2.6 dB/m propagation loss at 780 nm, megahertz-scale modulation bandwidth, a half-wave voltage-length product of 2.8 V ⋅ m, and negligible hysteresis. We demonstrate reconfigurable Mach-Zehnder interferometers with 0.63 dB loss per spiral phase shifter, enabling deep, actively reconfigurable visible-wavelength quantum photonic circuits.

Mayank Mishra, Gwangho Choi, Wenhua He, Gina M. Talcott, Katherine Kearney, Michael Gehl, Andrew Leenheer, Daniel Dominguez, Nils T. Otterstrom, Matt Eichenfield
Nat. Commun. (2026)
10.1038/s41467-026-77969-0

Communications PhysicsCommun. Phys.1 篇

Communications Physics 中的量子信息、量子光学与量子多体论文

No. 11

二维体系中多参数量子度量的高效自适应控制策略Efficient adaptive control strategy for multi-parameter quantum metrology in two-dimensional systems

针对二维量子体系中的多参数估计，提出高效自适应控制策略，依据测量结果动态优化后续探测设置，以更少资源逼近多参数同时估计的精度极限。

（原文摘要暂未获取，待补充。）

Abstract (English)

（原文摘要暂未获取到，可点链接查看）

Qifei Wei, Shengshi Pang
Commun. Phys. (2026)
10.1038/s42005-026-02912-0

Light: Science & ApplicationsLight Sci. Appl.1 篇

Light: Science & Applications 中的量子光学与光量子器件论文

No. 12

克莱因瓶拓扑光子电路中的非厄米奇异拓扑Non-Hermitian exceptional topology on a Klein bottle photonic circuit

集成光子

在可重构硅光芯片上实现定义于克莱因瓶这一不可定向参数空间的两带非厄米哈密顿量，测得费米弧取向表明存在无法局域湮灭的同号奇异点，即奇异点单极。

非厄米物理揭示了厄米体系无法企及的大量非常规波动现象，其中奇异点（EPs）驱动着增强的灵敏度、非互易输运以及非厄米简并所独有的拓扑行为。在此，我们展示了一种可扩展、可重构的硅基光子集成电路，能够高精度地模拟任意非厄米时间演化。利用这一可编程平台，我们实现了定义在克莱因瓶拓扑上的两带非厄米哈密顿量——克莱因瓶是一种不可定向的参数空间，它允许在可定向流形上被禁止的奇异相。通过片上振幅-相位重构协议，我们在参数空间的多个点上恢复了完整的复哈密顿量，并在实验上标绘出虚本征值能隙闭合处所对应的费米弧。所测费米弧的取向揭示出非平凡的奇异拓扑：它意味着存在无法在克莱因瓶上局域湮灭的同号奇异点（或奇异点单极）。我们的结果首次在光子系统中实现了不可定向流形上的奇异拓扑，并为探索与经典和量子光子学相关的奇异非厄米与拓扑模型建立了通用平台。

Abstract (English)

Non-Hermitian physics has unlocked a wealth of unconventional wave phenomena beyond the reach of Hermitian systems, with exceptional points (EPs) driving enhanced sensitivity, nonreciprocal transport, and topological behavior unique to non-Hermitian degeneracies. Here, we present a scalable and reconfigurable silicon photonic integrated circuit capable of emulating arbitrary non-Hermitian time evolution with high precision. Using this programmable platform, we implement a two-band non-Hermitian Hamiltonian defined on a Klein-bottle topology, a nonorientable parameter space that enables exceptional phases forbidden on orientable manifolds. Through an on-chip amplitude-and-phase reconstruction protocol, we retrieve the full complex Hamiltonian at multiple points in parameter space and experimentally map the associated Fermi arc where the imaginary eigenvalue gap closes. The orientation of the measured Fermi arc reveals a nontrivial exceptional topology: it implies the presence of same-charge EPs (or an EP monopole) that cannot annihilate locally on the Klein bottle. Our results demonstrate the first photonic realization of exceptional topology on a nonorientable manifold and establish a versatile platform for exploring exotic non-Hermitian and topological models relevant to classical and quantum photonics.

Ze-Sheng Xu, J. Lukas K. König, Andrea Cataldo, Rohan Yadgirkar, Govind Krishna, Venkatesh Deenadayalan, Val Zwiller, Stefan Preble, Emil J. Bergholtz, Jun Gao, Ali W. Elshaari
Light Sci. Appl. 15 (2026)
10.1038/s41377-026-02516-x

OpticaOptica5 篇

Optica 中的量子光学、集成光子学与光纤传感论文

No. 13

基于金刚石色心的量子网络：原理、进展与展望Quantum networks using color defects in diamond: principles, progress, and perspectives

量子密码集成光子

综述金刚石色缺陷的光学与自旋性质及其在量子网络构建单元中的进展，介绍城域尺度量子网络演示，并讨论基础与实验层面的挑战及可能解决方案。

大规模量子网络将在量子通信、分布式量子计算、传感与计量等领域实现量子信息科学全新的应用。要构建这类网络的节点，金刚石色缺陷是最有希望的候选者之一。其优异的光学性质、快速的自旋量子比特控制以及长的自旋相干时间，使其非常适合量子信息处理与量子存储应用。此外，金刚石纳米光子结构与光子集成电路异质集成的最新进展，使这些系统更加高效，并更适合可扩展的量子处理器架构。在这篇综合性综述中，我们讨论这些系统的光学与自旋性质、量子网络构建单元的最新进展、城域尺度量子网络的演示，以及这些系统在基础与实验层面相关的挑战和潜在解决方案。

Abstract (English)

Large-scale quantum networks will enable entirely new applications of quantum information science in fields such as quantum communication, distributed quantum computing, sensing, and metrology. To build nodes of such networks, diamond color defects are one of the promising candidates. Their excellent optical properties, fast spin-qubit control, and long spin coherence times make them well suited for quantum information processing and quantum memory applications. Additionally, recent advances in the heterogeneous integration of diamond nanophotonic structures with photonic integrated circuits have made these systems more efficient and well suited for scalable quantum processor architectures. In this comprehensive review, we discuss the optical and spin properties of these systems, recent progress in the building blocks of quantum networks, and demonstrations of metropolitan-scale quantum networks, as well as the challenges associated with these systems at both the fundamental and experimental levels, along with potential solutions.

Ayan Majumder, Cem Güney Torun, Tim Schröder, Gregor Pieplow, Prem Kumar, Kasturi Saha
Optica 13, 2319 (2026)
10.1364/optica.607038

No. 14

芯片集成微谐振腔孤子光频梳的阿秒级同步Attosecond-level synchronization of chip-integrated microresonator soliton combs

量子纠缠

以经光纤传输的双色连续波激光作为定时参考，无需主动稳定即实现25 GHz与300 GHz重频芯片微腔孤子光梳间积分相对定时抖动低于400阿秒的同步。

同步激光振荡器对于探测化学、材料科学和生物学中直至阿秒时间尺度的最快过程至关重要。在自由电子激光器或射电望远镜等科学装置中，紧密同步同样关键，并且在多节点网络的通信与信息技术中日益重要。当前基于锁模激光器的同步方案能够达到所需性能，但其复杂性、成本和体积阻碍了其在多节点网络中的部署。在此，我们展示了工作于25 GHz或300 GHz脉冲重复频率的芯片集成微谐振腔孤子光频梳之间的阿秒级同步。为实现同步，每个振荡器通过光纤接收一对连续波激光作为双音定时参考。这些激光为微光梳提供能量，克尔非线性同步使积分相对定时抖动低于400阿秒（1 kHz至1 MHz），且无需任何主动稳定。该方法可为大型设施、数据中心、解耦计算、导航和量子网络提供可扩展的精密定时；最终，它可能通向芯片集成的阿秒光子学。

Abstract (English)

Synchronized laser oscillators are essential for probing the fastest processes in chemistry, materials science, and biology down to attosecond timescales. Tight synchronization is also crucial at scientific facilities such as free-electron lasers or radio telescopes and is increasingly relevant to communication and information technologies in multi-node networks. Current synchronization approaches based on mode-locked lasers achieve the required performance, but their complexity, cost, and size hinder deployment in multi-node networks. Here, we demonstrate attosecond-level synchronization between chip-integrated microresonator soliton combs operating at either 25 or 300 GHz pulse repetition rate. For synchronization, each oscillator receives over fiber a pair of continuous-wave lasers as a two-tone timing reference. The lasers power the microcombs, and Kerr-nonlinear synchronization results in integrated relative timing jitter below 400 as (1 kHz to 1 MHz), without any active stabilization. This approach enables scalable precision timing for large facilities, data centers, disaggregated computing, navigation, and quantum networks; ultimately, it may lead to chip-integrated attosecond photonics.

Alexander E. Ulanov, Bastian Ruhnke, Theia El Sharkawy, Thibault Wildi, Kemal Şafak, Franz X. Kärtner, Tobias Herr
Optica 13, 2312 (2026)
10.1364/optica.605393

No. 15

利用真空—单光子数叠加态违背贝尔不等式Bell inequality violation with vacuum–one-photon number superposition states

量子纠缠

单个量子点产生的真空—单光子数叠加态经分束器离域化，后选择制备出时间模式纠缠，并用Franson型干涉仪观测到CHSH贝尔不等式的明显违背。

纠缠是量子技术的核心资源，而光子纠缠的实现必然依赖于与物质的相互作用。共振荧光源于驱动场与二能级系统之间的相干相互作用，在量子光学中起着关键作用。在此，我们利用来自单个量子点的真空—单光子数叠加态，实验演示了后选择时间模式纠缠的高质量产生；这一方法在概念上与基于全同单光子的早期方案一致，但此前一直缺乏高质量的实验实现。通过分束器使该叠加态离域化，我们实现了后选择的时间模式纠缠，并利用Franson型干涉术观测到对Clauser–Horn–Shimony–Holt贝尔不等式的明显违背。我们的方案无需多光子产生，简化了实验要求，并为固态纠缠光子源建立了一条可扩展的路径。

Abstract (English)

Entanglement is a central resource in quantum technologies, and the realization of photonic entanglement necessarily relies on interaction with matter. Resonance fluorescence, originating from the coherent interaction between a driving field and a two-level system, plays a pivotal role in quantum optics. Here, we experimentally demonstrate high-quality generation of post-selected temporal-mode entanglement using vacuum–one-photon number superposition states from a single quantum dot, an approach conceptually aligned with early proposals based on identical single photons, yet whose high-quality experimental realization has remained absent. By delocalizing this superposition via a beam splitter, we realize post-selected temporal-mode entanglement and observe a clear violation of the Clauser–Horn–Shimony–Holt Bell inequality using Franson-type interferometry. Our scheme removes the need for multiphoton generation, simplifies the experimental requirements, and establishes a scalable pathway toward solid-state entangled photon sources.

Zi-Qi Zeng, Jian Wang, Xiu-Bin Liu, Xu-Jie Wang, Li Liu, Hanqing Liu, Haiqiao Ni, Zhichuan Niu, Carlos Antón-Solanas, Bang Wu, Zhiliang Yuan
Optica 13, 2306 (2026)
10.1364/optica.601049

No. 16

面向可见光集成光子学的零静态功耗紧凑可扩展相位调制器Compact scalable phase modulator with zero static power consumption for visible integrated photonics

集成光子

在 Si₃N₄ 波导上叠加氧化铟锡电容结构，利用电荷积累改变折射率，实现可见光波段 VπL 仅 0.5 V·cm、静态功耗为零的紧凑相位调制器，并给出带宽与半波电压的折中关系。

可见光波段的光调制器从生物光子学到量子科学都有深远的应用。在绝缘体上硅波导平台上实现此类光相位调制器，此前主要局限于利用热光效应、液晶技术以及压电-光机械效应，而这些方法在调制速度与调制效率上都受到限制。在此，我们报道了据我们所知首个在可见光波段高度可扩展的紧凑相位调制器，它通过电荷积累效应改变位于 Si₃N₄ 波导之上的氧化铟锡电容叠层的折射率。该相位调制器架构在零静态功耗下实现了0.5 V·cm的调制效率 VπL。带宽与 Vπ 成反比：对于400 µm长的调制器，最小 Vπ 值为12.4±0.4 V，相应的相位调制器损耗为2.5 dB；而对于10 µm长的调制器，最高 −3 dB 带宽为150 MHz，相应的相位调制器损耗为0.06 dB。通过提升可见光波段相位调制器的能效与带宽，这项工作使得从生物技术到量子传感与计算的大规模、高速集成光子系统的实现成为可能。

Abstract (English)

Optical modulators in the visible regime have far-reaching applications from biophotonics to quantum science. Implementations of such optical phase modulators on a silicon-on-insulator waveguide platform have been mainly limited to utilization of the thermo-optic effect, liquid crystal technology, as well as piezo-optomechanical effects which are limited in modulation speed and modulation efficiency. Here, we report, to our knowledge, the demonstration of the first highly scalable compact phase modulator in the visible regime based on altering the refractive index of an indium-tin oxide capacitive stack over a Si 3 N 4 waveguide through the charge accumulation effect. The phase modulator architecture achieves a modulation efficiency, V π L, of 0.5V⋅cm at a zero static power consumption. Bandwidth and V π scale inversely, with the minimum V π value being 12.4±0.4V for a 400 µm long modulator and a corresponding phase modulator loss of 2.5 dB, and the highest −3dB bandwidth being 150 MHz for a 10 µm long modulator with a corresponding phase modulator loss of 0.06 dB. By enhancing the energy efficiency and bandwidth of phase modulators in the visible regime, this work enables implementation of large-scale and high-speed integrated photonic systems with applications from biotechnology to quantum sensing and computing.

Neil MacFarlane, Firooz Aflatouni
Optica 13, 2262 (2026)
10.1364/optica.608940

No. 17

单光子水平受激参量下转换的实验研究Stimulated parametric down-conversion at the single-photon level

用平均光子数远低于每相干时间一个的超弱相干场作为种子，通过三阶时间关联测量，观察到单个光子成分受激产生时间关联三光子事件的增强，为单光子层面的受激机制提供时域证据。

参量下转换是量子光学与光子量子技术中广泛使用的非经典光源。虽然以强经典种子光进行的受激参量下转换已有充分研究，但由单个光子引发的受激这一基本物理机制在实验上仍基本未被探索。在此，我们研究了由超弱相干场（每个相干时间内平均光子数远小于一）作为种子的连续波、低增益下转换过程。通过测量三阶时间关联，我们进入了这样一个区域：种子的单光子成分能够受激地触发一对光子的发射，从而产生时间关联的三光子事件。我们观察到无法仅用自发过程或偶然符合解释的明显增强，为单光子层面的基本受激机制提供了时域证据。除其基础意义外，这些结果还提示了在明亮受激辐射测量不适用的情况下，表征种子与参量下转换模式重叠、相位匹配以及弱非线性耦合的新途径。多模与干涉方面的拓展有望实现基于关联的成像与相位敏感光谱学。

Abstract (English)

Parametric down-conversion is a widely used source of nonclassical light in quantum optics and photonic quantum technologies. While stimulated parametric down-conversion with strong classical seeds is well studied, the elementary physical mechanism of stimulation by individual photons has remained largely unexplored experimentally. Here, we study continuous-wave, low-gain down-conversion seeded by an ultra-weak coherent field with an average photon number well below one per coherence time. By measuring third-order temporal correlations, we access the regime in which the single-photon component of the seed can stimulate the emission of a photon pair, giving rise to a temporally correlated three-photon event. We observe a clear enhancement that cannot be explained by spontaneous processes or accidental coincidences alone, providing time-domain evidence of the fundamental stimulation mechanism at the single-photon level. Beyond its fundamental significance, these results suggest new ways to characterize seed–PDC mode overlap, phase matching, and weak nonlinear coupling in regimes where bright stimulated-emission measurements are not appropriate. Multimode and interferometric extensions could enable correlation-based imaging and phase-sensitive spectroscopy.

Yishai Klein, Alessio D’Errico, Roohollah Ghobadi, Dilip Paneru, Nazanin Dehghan, Eliahu Cohen, Ebrahim Karimi
Optica 13, 2255 (2026)
10.1364/optica.608245

Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesPNAS1 篇

PNAS 中的量子信息、量子物理与光量子技术论文

No. 18

纳米尺度量子传感器的固态激光制冷Solid-state laser refrigeration of nanoscale quantum sensors

将纳米金刚石与金纳米晶体经范德华作用贴附于陶瓷激光制冷衬底，结合德拜–瓦勒因子测温与氮空位色心光探测磁共振，证明衬底制冷可使金刚石温度比稳态低25±3 K，并使表面增强拉曼传感中金纳米晶的光热升温减少8.8±2.7 K。

在纳米尺度量子传感器的光激发过程中，光热加热始终是一项主要挑战[C. Bradac, S. F. Lim, H. C. Chang, I. Aharonovich, Adv. Opt. Mater. 8, 2000183 (2020)]。在低激光功率下，传感器受热会引起量子电子跃迁能量的热漂移；在高激光功率下，传感器因热致相变（包括熔化）而退化。在此，我们提出一种通用方法，通过固态激光制冷传感器的底层衬底来缓解纳米尺度量子传感器的光热加热。实验中，纳米金刚石和金纳米晶体分别通过范德华相互作用贴附在陶瓷激光制冷衬底上。结合德拜–瓦勒因子测温与氮空位中心的光探测磁共振谱，我们证明衬底的固态激光制冷可使贴附的纳米金刚石负载温度比稳态工作温度低25 ± 3 K。在罗丹明6G分子的表面增强拉曼光谱传感中，利用斯托克斯/反斯托克斯拉曼光谱证明，等离激元金纳米晶体的光热加热降低了8.8 ± 2.7 K。这些结果表明，固态激光冷却或可为多种纳米尺度量子资源提供快速反馈控制冷却的实验可能。

Abstract (English)

Photothermal heating remains a major challenge during the optical excitation of nanoscale quantum sensors [C. Bradac, S. F. Lim, H. C. Chang, I. Aharonovich, Adv. Opt. Mater. 8 , 2000183 (2020)]. At low laser powers, heating of the sensor leads to the thermal drift of quantum electronic transition energies. At high laser powers, sensors degrade due to thermally induced phase transitions, including melting. Here, we report a general approach for mitigating the photothermal heating of nanoscale quantum sensors through solid-state laser refrigeration of the sensors’ underlying substrate. Experimentally, both nanodiamonds and gold nanocrystals are attached separately to a ceramic laser-cooling substrate through van der Waals interaction. A combination of Debye–Waller factor thermometry and optically detected magnetic resonance spectroscopy of nitrogen vacancy centers is used to demonstrate that solid-state laser refrigeration of the substrate can reduce the temperature of attached nanodiamond payloads by 25 ± 3 K below steady-state operating temperatures. Stokes/anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy is used to demonstrate reduced photothermal heating of plasmonic gold nanocrystals by 8.8 ± 2.7 K during surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy sensing of rhodamine-6G molecules. These results suggest that solid-state laser cooling could open up experimental possibilities for rapid feedback-controlled cooling of a wide range of nanoscale quantum resources.

Zhaojie Feng, Anupum Pant, Robert G. Felsted, Alexander B. Bard, Xiaojing Xia, Siamak Dadras, Kamran Shayan, Danika R. Luntz-Martin, Donald Mannikko, Lars Forberger, Alexey Soldatenko, Ilia M. Pavlovetc, Stefan Stoll, Masaru Kuno, A. Nickolas Vamivakas, Peter J. Pauzauskie
PNAS 123 (2026)
10.1073/pnas.2534326123